I-BOOM yokugqibela kwi-Innovation yeTekhnoloji yeIshishini lobheduKwenzeke kwishumi leminyaka engamashumi amabini okuqala kule nkulungwane, xa i-hin evulekileyo imbiya, uxinzelelo lwe-pickeration, kunye ne-smelter ye-reverberatos yayihlengahlengiswa kwi-ores ye-porperryryry.

Ngaphandle kokukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwe-Express ye-Ext-elektroniki, iindlela ezisisiseko zemveliso nganye zihlala zingaguqukanga iminyaka engama-65. Ngapha koko, iimeyini ezintandathu zavulwa ziphakathi kwe-1900 neye-1920 zisephakathi kwabavelisi baka-United States namhlanje.

Endaweni yokutsiba okukhulu, ubugcisa obutsha kwishishini lobhedu kule minyaka ingama-65 idlulileyo iqukethe ubutshijolo obukhulu obuvumela iinkampani ze-ores zebanga eliphantsi kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zemveliso. Uqoqosho lwenqanaba lube yinyani

Ized kuzo zonke izigaba zemveliso yobhedu. Zombini iimveliso ze-shishini zinyuke kakhulu.

This chapter briefly describes the technology for producing copper, from exploration, through mining and milling, to smelting and refining or solvent extraction and electrowinning. IGAP TIMI iqala ngoshwankathelo lwembali yophuhliso lwetekhnoloji nganye. Emva koko, nganye

Inqanaba kwimveliso yobhedu, iphonononge i-curnt ye-curnt-ye-ofisi yeTekhnoloji, ihlaziywe inkqubela phambili yeTekhnoloji yamva nje, inkqubela phambili yophando lwexesha elizayo kunye neemfuno zophuhliso, kunye nokugada ezinokubaluleka kokuphuhliswa kwemveliso ye-US. Umzobo 6-1

ibonisa amaphepha okuhamba kwepyrometalgastical 'kunye ne-hydrometalgical

2 Ukuveliswa kobhedu. Iitafile 6-1 kunye ne-6-2 zibonelela ngesishwankathelo se-caphele yezi nkqubo.

I-1 pyrometaiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitorgy ze-metai ye-metai evela kwi-ores kunye neetrayitha zokusebenzisa izinto zekhemikhali kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

I-2 hydrometallgy kukubuyiselwa kweMetais kwi-ores usebenzisa izisombululo zamanzi.

Kwangoko i-6000 BC, i-Yopite Copper-intsimbi ecocekileyo - yafunyanwa njengamatye abomvu kwindawo ye-mederranean kunye ne-gergeranean yendawo ye-medreranean, izixhobo, kunye nezixhobo. Malunga ne-5000 BC, amagcisa afunyanisile ukuba ubushushu benze ubhedu olunamandla ngakumbi. Ukuphosa kunye nokunyibilika kobhedu kwaqala malunga ne-4000-3500 BC (jonga umfanekiso 6-2). Malunga ne-2500 BC, ubhedu lwaludibene ne-tin ukwenza i-bronze-i-alloy evumele izixhobo ezomeleleyo kunye nezixhobo. Ubhedu, isabelo sobhedu kunye ne-zinc, mhlawumbi sasingaphuhliswanga kude kube yi-300 yentengiso

Ubhedu lwaluqala ukulwa (ngokungathi luchasene nomhlaba) kwiNtili yeTimna kwa-Israyeli - indawo enenkangalala eyikholelwa ukuba yindawo yeKing Solo mines (jonga umfanekiso 6-3). AmaFenike kunye ne-Reanes, abasebenze imigodi enkulu eCyprus nakwi-rio tinto tinto yeSpain esemazantsi, benza inkqubela phambili kwiindlela zokuhamba kunye neendlela zokumbiwa. Umzekelo, i-ROS ifumaneka phantse imizimba ye-lens ene-lens kwi-ore ye-ore ye-ore kwisithili se-rio tindo tinto tindo tinto tinto tinto. Iingcali zejologists zanamhlanje zifumene kuphela iidipozithi ezongeziweyo, kwaye phantse yonke imveliso yanamhlanje ivela kwale mihla ivela kwi-ore yafunyanwa kuqala ngamasango.

I-3 eRio Tinto, i-resd yaxuba i-inting ephezulu, i-of i-id, inxenye ye-ore ye-copper iaden iveliswa ngamanzi ngokuthe ngcembe. Xa ii-moors zoyisile le nxalenye yeSpain ngexesha lamaXesha Aphakathi, i-ores ores yayiphelelwe ngamava e-roorb, i-theap evulekileyo, kunye ne-theaching, kunye ne-iron nique eziqhubekayo eziza kusetyenziswa eRio tinto kwinkulungwane yama-20.

EBritani, ubhedu kunye ne-tin basebenza kudonga lwenkozo kwaye bathengiswa nge-Fenike kwaseFenicia ekuqaleni kwe-1500 BC I-PREARS ingenise ubuchwephesha obuguqukayo besiya eBritani.